nginx反向代理配置及优化-白红宇

nginx反向代理配置及优化

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nginx反向代理配置及优化

2009-05-26

作者:守住每一天

blog:liuyu.blog.51cto.com

bbs:bbs.linuxtone.org

msn:liuyubj520#hotmail.com

email:liuyu105#gmail.com

前言:

由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决

第1部分:安装

1 建立用户及组

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.8/

./configure

make && make install

3 安装nginx

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.7.58/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron

make && make install

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG

第2部分:配置及优化配置文件

1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

user www www;

worker_processes 4;

error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 51200;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

source_charset GB2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;

client_header_buffer_size 256k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;

#size limits

client_max_body_size 50m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误

tcp_nodelay on;

include vhosts/upstream.conf;

include vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;

}

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)

upstream.conf

upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {

server 192.168.1.4:8099;

}

3 站点配置文件

bbs.linuxtone.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name bbs.linuxtone.conf;

charset GB2312;

index index.html index.htm;

root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

location / {

root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

proxy_redirect off ;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

client_max_body_size 50m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

proxy_connect_timeout 30;

proxy_send_timeout 30;

proxy_read_timeout 60;

proxy_buffer_size 256k;

proxy_buffers 4 256k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;

proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;

proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;

proxy_pass http://bbs.linuxtone.com;

}

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误

#Add expires header for static content

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {

if (-f $request_filename) {

root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

expires 1d;

break;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log access;

}

注:第二种代理方式

nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.

设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.

如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:

location / {

proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/;

proxy_redirect default ;

}

针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面

location /linuxtone/ {

proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;

proxy_redirect default ;

}

4 源配置

ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com

DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone

ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com

ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log

CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined

</VirtualHost>

第3部分:源的优化

1 apache-mpm.conf

StartServers 15

MinSpareServers 15

MaxSpareServers 30

ServerLimit 2536

MaxClients 2048

MaxRequestsPerChild 1500

</IfModule>

2 apache-keepalive

Timeout 120 #与nginx的保持一至

KeepAlive On

MaxKeepAliveRequests 400

KeepAliveTimeout 7

第4部分:PHP的优化

优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator

1 安装

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config

make

make install

注:PHP路径以安装为准!

2 配置

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.

第5部分:测试并启动nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh